RESUMO Introdução O rápido desenvolvimento dos esportes competitivos no mundo exige que os jogadores de voleibol não tenham apenas aptidão física suficiente, mas também a capacidade de compreender e apreender técnicas e táticas avançadas. Para atender ao ritmo crescente da competição esportiva, deve-se aprofundar e ampliar as pesquisas sobre lesões por fadiga em jogadores de voleibol, fazendo com que treinadores e jogadores se atentem às lesões esportivas e seus meios de prevenção. Objetivo Explorar as características da lesão por fadiga em jogadores de voleibol sob treino de resistência com salto. Métodos 157 jogadores de voleibol de oito faculdades esportivas foram selecionados como objeto de pesquisa. Compostos por 94 jogadores de voleibol masculinos e 63 jogadoras de voleibol feminino. Resultados Na investigação dos 157 jogadores de voleibol, 153 apresentaram algum grau de lesão, representando um total de 97,1% dos jogadores, e apenas 4 não lesionados, representando 1,80%; 95 pessoas ficaram feridas em treinos técnicos especiais (61,20%); 43 feriram-se no treino avançado (27,62%); 17 pessoas feriram-se em atividades preparatórias (10,86%). Ninguém se feriu durante as atividades de relaxamento. Conclusão Medidas preventivas para lesões por fadiga em jogadores de voleibol incluem principalmente o fortalecimento com supervisão médica, a distribuição equilibrada da carga de exercício. Com atenção ao preparo racional das atividades incluindo o fortalecimento e a flexibilidade articular do joelho. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação de resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction The rapid development of competitive sports in the world requires volleyball players not just sufficient physical fitness but also the ability to understand and learn advanced techniques and tactics. In response to the increasing pace of competitive sports, research on fatigue injuries in volleyball players must be deepened and expanded, making coaches and players aware of sports injuries and their means of prevention. Objective Explore the fatigue injury characteristics in volleyball players under jump resistance training. Methods 157 volleyball players from eight sports colleges were selected as the research subject. Composed of 94 male volleyball players and 63 female volleyball players. Results In the investigation of the 157 volleyball players, 153 had some degree of injury, representing a total of 97.1% of the players, and only four non-injured, representing 1.80%; 95 people were injured in special technical training (61.20%); 43 were injured in advanced training (27.62%); 17 people were injured in preparatory activities (10.86%). No one was injured during relaxation activities. Conclusion Preventive measures for fatigue injuries in volleyball players include strengthening with medical supervision and balanced exercise load distribution. With attention to rational preparation of activities including strengthening and knee joint flexibility. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMEN Introducción El rápido desarrollo de los deportes de competición en el mundo exige a los jugadores de voleibol no sólo una buena forma física, sino también la capacidad de entender y comprender técnicas y tácticas avanzadas. Para hacer frente al creciente ritmo de la competición deportiva, se debe profundizar y ampliar la investigación sobre las lesiones por fatiga en los jugadores de voleibol, concienciando a entrenadores y jugadores sobre las lesiones deportivas y sus medios de prevención. Objetivo Explorar las características de las lesiones por fatiga en jugadores de voleibol sometidos a un entrenamiento de resistencia con saltos. Métodos Se seleccionaron como objeto de investigación 157 jugadoras de voleibol de ocho escuelas deportivas. Compuesto por 94 jugadores de voleibol masculinos y 63 jugadores de voleibol femeninos. Resultados En la investigación de los 157 jugadores de voleibol, 153 presentaron algún grado de lesión, lo que representa un total del 97,1% de los jugadores, y sólo 4 no lesionados, lo que representa el 1,80%; 95 personas se lesionaron en el entrenamiento técnico especial (61,20%); 43 se lesionaron en el entrenamiento avanzado (27,62%); 17 personas se lesionaron en las actividades preparatorias (10,86%). Nadie resultó herido durante las actividades de relajación. Conclusión Las medidas preventivas de las lesiones por fatiga en los jugadores de voleibol incluyen principalmente el fortalecimiento con supervisión médica, la distribución equilibrada de la carga de ejercicio. Con atención a la preparación racional de las actividades, incluyendo el fortalecimiento y la flexibilidad de la articulación de la rodilla. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Abstract Wax deposition behavior was investigated in a set of one-inch experiment flow loops, using a local crude oil with high wax content. The temperature of the oil phase is chosen as a variable parameter while the temperature of the coolant media is maintained constant. Detailed composition of the deposit is characterized using High Temperature Gas Chromatography. It was found that the magnitude of the diffusion of the heavier waxy components (C35-C50) decreases when the oil temperature decreases, but the magnitude of the diffusion of the lighter waxy components increases. This result means that the diffusion of wax molecules shifts towards lower carbon number, which further proves the concept of molecular diffusion. Meanwhile, a meaningful phenomenon is that the mass of the deposit increases with the oil temperature decrease, which definitely proves the influence of wax solubility on deposition, while the formation of an incipient gel layer reflects the fact that an increase in the mass of the deposit does not mean a larger wax percentage fraction at lower oil temperature.

Objective To analyze surgical methods and evaluate treatment efficacy and safety for managing adrenal cystic lesions. Materials and methods All patients presenting with adrenal lesions of the West China Hospital were reviewed retrospectively from January 2003 to April 2013 and 47 were diagnosed as adrenal cysts. Basic information, clinical history, physical examination, laboratory investigations, abdominal ultrasound and enhanced computed tomography were detailed noted. Cysts with different surgical management were analyzed and surgery option operative time, postoperative complications and after-surgery hospital stay were all noted. The final diagnosis was judged by histopathology. Patients were followed from 3 month to 10 years. Results All the 47 patients with a mean age of 43.8 years were managed by surgical intervention. Compared laparoscopic technology with open technology, the laparoscopic has the advantage of a shorter operation time, shorter hospital stay after surgery and enhanced cosmesis. The histopathologic result was: 23 (50%) were endothelial cysts and 16 (35%) were pseudocysts. One patient had evidence to recurrence at the followed-up stage. Conclusion Adrenal cysts are rare and with the development of imaging techniques many of these are diagnosed incidentally. CT has advantages in detecting the cysts with haemorrhage, intracystic debris, calcification and mixed adrenal mass. Minimally invasive surgery offers equivalent efficacy to traditional open procedures, while providing a shorter operation time, shorter convalescence and improved cosmesis. Patients after surgical resection should be followed up closely especially if functional cysts and histopathology of cystic tumor are present.